Narcolepsy

What is Narcolepsy?

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that causes excessive sleepiness. This condition usually develops in younger individuals and is lifelong. It is also associated with cataplexy (sudden attacks of muscle weakness when the person has a strong emotion), sleep paralysis, and hypnagognic hallucinations (vivid dreams that occur as the person falls asleep).

What are the signs and symptoms?

• Extreme sleepiness – People with narcolepsy fall asleep unexpectedly many times during the day. Not only can this be embarrassing, but it can be very dangerous.
• Cataplexy (sudden attacks of muscle weakness associated with strong emotions)
• Hallucinations just before falling asleep (usually experienced as vivid dreams)
• Sleep paralysis (inability to move upon waking up, lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes)

How is Narcolepsy diagnosed?

Following the initial evaluation by the physician, an overnight sleep study is scheduled along with a daytime sleep study called a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). The MSLT consists of a series of naps spaced throughout the day. This is done to assess the degree of sleepiness and can confirm the diagnosis of Narcolepsy.

What is the treatment?

Medications and good sleep hygiene are the primary treatment modalities. Scheduling 20-30 minute naps at specific times throughout the day can actually help reduce the uncontrollable urge to sleep at undesirable times with less disruptions to a person’s daily schedule.